where the effect of H adds to the primary variable load effect, include H with a load factor of 1.6 2. Where loads H are present, they shall be included as follows: 1. Where fluid loads F are present, they shall be included with the same load factor as dead load D in combinations 1 through 5 and 7. In combinations 2, 4, and 5, the companion load S shall be taken as either the flat roof snow load (pf) or the sloped roof snow load (ps). The load factor on L in combinations 3, 4, and 5 is permitted to equal 0.5 for all occupancies in which Lo in Table 4-1 is less than or equal to 100 psf, with the exception of garages or areas occupied as places of public assembly. 2.3.2 Basic Combinations Structures, components, and foundations shall be designed so that their design strength equals or exceeds the effects of the factored loads in the following combinations: 1. 2.2 SYMBOLS Ak = load or load effect arising from extra ordinary event A D = dead load Di = weight of ice E = earthquake load F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights Fa = flood load H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure, or pressure of bulk materials L = live load Lr = roof live load R = rain load S = snow load T = self-straining load W = wind load Wi = wind-on-ice determined in accordance with Chapter 10 2.3 COMBINING FACTORED LOADS USING STRENGTH DESIGN 2.3.1 Applicability The load combinations and load factors given in Section 2.3.2 shall be used only in those cases in which they are specifically authorized by the applicable material design standard. Where elements of a structure are designed by a particular material standard or specification, they shall be designed exclusively by either Section 2.3 or 2.4. COMBINATIONS OF LOADS 2.1 GENERAL Buildings and other structures shall be designed using the provisions of either Section 2.3 or 2.4.
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